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A smart home is a home setup where appliances and devices in the home, which are IoT enabled, can be automatically controlled remotely from any internet-connected place in the world using a mobile or other networked devices. Smart homes enabled with lighting control, smart switches & plugs allow homeowners to reduce electricity use and thus helps to reduce your electric bill, saving money. Smart lights also offers an enhanced level of security by allowing you to turn on and off lights remotely while on vacation or automatically turn on when you walk in the door. Home automation systems can alert the homeowner if any motion is detected in the home while away, and some can even call the fire department in case of imminent situations. Today's smart home appliances even come with self-learning skills whereby they can learn the homeowner’s schedules and adjust as needed.
While the smart home brings with it convenience and cost savings, security risks of Adept hackers gaining access to a smart home's internet-enabled appliances still remains. So it is very important that you invest in products from trusted manufactures and also have a good firewall or VPN installed at your home to safe guard your smart home.
Z- Wave : Runs on “mesh” networks - it make use of a central hub connected to the internet and the signals are shared across devices without a Wi-Fi connection. Every device acts as a repeater, so the range grows based on the number of devices you have in your network. All your Z-Wave products are interoperatable (communicate with each other) regardless of how they look, how old they are, their country of origin, manufacturer, brand, or version of Z-Wave software. Z-Wave has a larger range – at 30m (100 feet) so it works better for larger houses and buildings. It can only support 232 devices. Z-Wave runs AES 128-bit symmetric encryption. Z-Wave's data rate is 9.6-100kbps . Z-Wave’s radio frequency range is 800-900MHz. It’s less likely to experience interference at that frequency. Z-wave runs on a separate radio frequency wave (908.42 MHz in the US) than Zigbee, WiFi and Bluetooth which can eliminate the lag you may get if there is a lot of congestion on your WiFi/2.4GHz band. Z- Wave products are more costlier than Zigbee and WiFi based products. Z-Wave devices are programmed with their particular countries radio frequency, if you relocate to a country which does not support the frequency the device is programmed to, it will not work.
Zigbee : Also run on “mesh” networks like Z-wave. Zigbee uses the IEEE’s 802.15.4 personal-area network standard to keep your Zigbee devices connected. It runs at 2.4GHz frequency which could lead to interference from everything else running at that frequency. Zigbee is broken up into several protocols so different protocols can't exactly talk to each other well, making it less interoperable. But Zigbee 3.0, unifies all these protocols so that they can work together. Zigbee is faster with data rates at 40-250 kbps. Zigbee can support more devices – 65,000+ devices on the mesh network. Zigbee's range is 10-20 metres (33-66 feet). It uses AES 128-bit symmetric encryption to keep your data shared from device to device secure.
Bluetooth : Everyone is familiar with Bluetooth. Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) is a power-conserving variant of Bluetooth designed for Smart home devices. It makes use of bluetooth mesh - each device can pass the information forward to other Bluetooth Low Energy devices creating a "mesh" effect. It supports data rate upto 1 Mbps while consuming just 0.01 to 0.5 watts.
WiFi : Everyone is familiar with WiFi as well. It also runs on the 2.4GHz frequency and hence can cause interference issues. These are less expensive and you will find many WiFi products in market today making them a popular choice. But remember there are lots of things that can go wrong on Wi-Fi networks; dead zones, slowing speeds, connection drops, limited range, router crashing etc. Also battery operated Smart Home Products will suffer due to the power hungry nature of WiFi.